REFLECTION OF THEMATIC REPRESNTATIONS OF GHALIB’S POTERY IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS: A COMPARTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Literature, art and all its genres are always engaged in creating a vast landscape by transcending the oppression and limitations of history and civilization. The sphere of expression of the greatest human emotions is not confined to any class, region or scenario and is always immortalized on the scale of time. While great poetry organizes the feelings of an individual, it also becomes a means of exposing them to new feelings and then harmonizes these feelings with nature and civilization by giving them modesty and purity. Ghalib's poetry is also great, in the sense that Ghalib has created his own unique poetic universe with creative essence, collective memory and poetic innovations. Ghalib's greatness rests on the fact that he has seen life through his eyes and is the spokesperson of the basic values of our civilization. The culture created by Subcontinent in centuries, the heart of this civilization is felt in Ghalib's personality and poetry. Kalam-e- Ghalib is a great asset of this civilization and culture.

The most important problem for the interpreter of any literary and poetic text is the recovery of cultural values ​​and identity, and it is not so easy to capture it in translation. In the background of every word of the language, there is its own culture, its own history, and with the passage of time, the same is reflected in its meanings. In the translation of poetry, the reflection of cultural exchange and cultural context is hard task for the translator. However, the aspect of discovery and non-discovery remains in interpretation.

The creative use of symbols, metaphors, and similes in Ghalib's poem has put the translators in a difficult position. In translation, it is very difficult to carve out alternatives to capture the state of meaning and gestures and impressions that arise from the interplay of symbols, metaphors, and similes. In such a case, cultural exchange and interpretation of the cultural context and the passing of the meaning in the translation is not easy anyway. This Article is an attempt to highlight the difficulties and uncertainties that faces translators while the process of translating Mirza Ghalib’s poetry.

In the article under review, an attempt has been made to compare and analyze the translations of Kalam-e-Ghalib so that in the form of comparison and analysis, the competence of the translators can be displayed as well as the standard patterns can be reflected. This comparative study will also make it clear which translators are familiar with the classical tradition of the Urdu ghazal, its lyricism, contexts, themes, and how successful they were in representing the Ghalib’s poetry.